Meet two revolutionary women who, through an exchange of letters, boldly challenged the position of women in the 18th century. Could they be considered the first Dutch feminists? Their literary dialogue not only questioned societal norms but also laid the groundwork for conversations that still matter today. Dive into their remarkable story and discover how their voices helped shape the future of women’s rights.
A Trailblazing Literary Duo
Aagje Deken (1741–1804) and Betje Wolff (1738–1804) stand among the most remarkable Dutch authors of the 18th century. Together, they formed a unique creative partnership that reshaped Dutch literature. Independent, sharp-minded, and unafraid to challenge convention, they used their writing to question the norms of their time.
How They Met
Betje Wolff—born Elisabeth Wolff-Bekker—was a passionate intellectual with a deep love for literature and philosophy. After the death of her much older husband, she found an unexpected match in Aagje Deken. Deken, who grew up in an orphanage, was equally well-read and shared Wolff’s progressive outlook. The two women moved in together in 1777 and soon began writing as a dynamic team.
A Literary Milestone: The History of Sara Burgerhart
Their best-known work, The History of Sara Burgerhart (De historie van mejuffrouw Sara Burgerhart, 1782), is widely considered the first modern Dutch novel. Told entirely through letters, it follows a young woman determined to find her own path in a society full of limitations. The novel was groundbreaking—an early call for women’s education, independence, and self-determination.
Social Critique and Early Feminist Voices
Across their novels, Deken and Wolff addressed themes such as hypocrisy, religious intolerance, and the restricted roles available to women. Their stories encouraged readers—especially women—to think critically and claim their voices. Their bold ideas paved the way for future feminist thinkers and writers.
Even while facing financial hardship and exile in France during the French Revolution, the pair stayed true to their beliefs. Their legacy endures: their novels remain in print, and their impact on Dutch literature and women’s rights is still felt today. Aagje Deken and Betje Wolff weren’t just authors—they were pioneers who used the power of words to spark change.
Quote from Sara Burgerhart
‘Ik heb geen talent voor onderdanigheid.’
‘I do not have a talent for subservience.’
